尽管已经通过深度学习技术开发了凝视估计方法，但没有采取诸如以50像素或更少的像素宽度或更少的像素宽度的低分辨率面部图像中准确性能的方法。为了在具有挑战性的低分辨率条件下解决限制，我们提出了高频专注的超级分辨凝视估计网络，即Haze-Net。我们的网络改善了输入图像的分辨率，并通过基于高频注意力块提出的超级分辨率模块增强了眼睛特征和这些边界。此外，我们的凝视估计模块利用眼睛的高频组件以及全球外观图。我们还利用面部的结构位置信息来近似头姿势。实验结果表明，即使在具有28x28像素的低分辨率面部图像中，提出的方法也表现出强大的凝视估计性能。该工作的源代码可在https://github.com/dbseorms16/haze_net/上获得。

在过去的几十年中，面部识别（FR）在计算机视觉和模式识别社会中进行了积极研究。最近，由于深度学习的进步，FR技术在大多数基准数据集中都显示出高性能。但是，当将FR算法应用于现实世界的情况时，该性能仍然不令人满意。这主要归因于训练和测试集之间的不匹配。在此类不匹配中，训练和测试面之间的面部不对对准是阻碍成功的FR的因素之一。为了解决这一限制，我们提出了一个脸型引导的深度特征对齐框架，以使fr稳健地对脸错位。基于面部形状的先验（例如，面部关键点），我们通过引入对齐方式和未对准的面部图像之间的对齐过程，即像素和特征对齐方式来训练所提出的深网。通过像从面部图像和面部形状提取的聚合特征解码的像素对齐过程，我们添加了辅助任务以重建良好的面部图像。由于汇总功能通过特征对齐过程链接到面部功能提取网络作为指南，因此我们将强大的面部功能训练到面部未对准。即使在训练阶段需要面部形状估计，通常在传统的FR管道中纳入的额外面部对齐过程在测试阶段不一定需要。通过比较实验，我们验证了提出的方法与FR数据集的面部未对准的有效性。

由于许多安全性系统（例如手术机器人和自动驾驶汽车）在不稳定的环境中运行，具有传感器噪声和不完整的数据，因此希望对象探测器将本地化不确定性考虑在内。但是，基于锚的对象检测的现有不确定性估计方法存在几个局限性。 1）它们对具有不同特征和尺度的异质对象性质的不确定性进行建模，例如位置（中心点）和尺度（宽度，高度），这可能很难估算。 2）它们将框偏移型为高斯分布，这与遵循Dirac Delta分布的地面真相边界框不兼容。 3）由于基于锚的方法对锚定超参数敏感，因此它们的定位不确定性也可能对选择超参数的选择高度敏感。为了应对这些局限性，我们提出了一种称为UAD的新定位不确定性估计方法，用于无锚对象检测。我们的方法捕获了均匀的四个方向（左，右，顶部，底部）的四个方向的不确定性，因此它可以判断哪个方向不确定，并在[0，1]中提供不确定性的定量值。为了实现这种不确定性估计，我们设计了一种新的不确定性损失，负功率对数可能性损失，以通过加权其IOU加权可能性损失来衡量本地化不确定性，从而减轻了模型错误指定问题。此外，我们提出了反映分类评分的估计不确定性的不确定性感知局灶性损失。可可数据集的实验结果表明，我们的方法在不牺牲计算效率的情况下显着提高了最高1.8点的FCO。

The 3D-aware image synthesis focuses on conserving spatial consistency besides generating high-resolution images with fine details. Recently, Neural Radiance Field (NeRF) has been introduced for synthesizing novel views with low computational cost and superior performance. While several works investigate a generative NeRF and show remarkable achievement, they cannot handle conditional and continuous feature manipulation in the generation procedure. In this work, we introduce a novel model, called Class-Continuous Conditional Generative NeRF ($\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF), which can synthesize conditionally manipulated photorealistic 3D-consistent images by projecting conditional features to the generator and the discriminator. The proposed $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF is evaluated with three image datasets, AFHQ, CelebA, and Cars. As a result, our model shows strong 3D-consistency with fine details and smooth interpolation in conditional feature manipulation. For instance, $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF exhibits a Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID) of 7.64 in 3D-aware face image synthesis with a $\text{128}^{2}$ resolution. Additionally, we provide FIDs of generated 3D-aware images of each class of the datasets as it is possible to synthesize class-conditional images with $\text{C}^{3}$G-NeRF.

In both terrestrial and marine ecology, physical tagging is a frequently used method to study population dynamics and behavior. However, such tagging techniques are increasingly being replaced by individual re-identification using image analysis. This paper introduces a contrastive learning-based model for identifying individuals. The model uses the first parts of the Inception v3 network, supported by a projection head, and we use contrastive learning to find similar or dissimilar image pairs from a collection of uniform photographs. We apply this technique for corkwing wrasse, Symphodus melops, an ecologically and commercially important fish species. Photos are taken during repeated catches of the same individuals from a wild population, where the intervals between individual sightings might range from a few days to several years. Our model achieves a one-shot accuracy of 0.35, a 5-shot accuracy of 0.56, and a 100-shot accuracy of 0.88, on our dataset.

Feature selection helps reduce data acquisition costs in ML, but the standard approach is to train models with static feature subsets. Here, we consider the dynamic feature selection (DFS) problem where a model sequentially queries features based on the presently available information. DFS is often addressed with reinforcement learning (RL), but we explore a simpler approach of greedily selecting features based on their conditional mutual information. This method is theoretically appealing but requires oracle access to the data distribution, so we develop a learning approach based on amortized optimization. The proposed method is shown to recover the greedy policy when trained to optimality and outperforms numerous existing feature selection methods in our experiments, thus validating it as a simple but powerful approach for this problem.

The purpose of this work was to tackle practical issues which arise when using a tendon-driven robotic manipulator with a long, passive, flexible proximal section in medical applications. A separable robot which overcomes difficulties in actuation and sterilization is introduced, in which the body containing the electronics is reusable and the remainder is disposable. A control input which resolves the redundancy in the kinematics and a physical interpretation of this redundancy are provided. The effect of a static change in the proximal section angle on bending angle error was explored under four testing conditions for a sinusoidal input. Bending angle error increased for increasing proximal section angle for all testing conditions with an average error reduction of 41.48% for retension, 4.28% for hysteresis, and 52.35% for re-tension + hysteresis compensation relative to the baseline case. Two major sources of error in tracking the bending angle were identified: time delay from hysteresis and DC offset from the proximal section angle. Examination of these error sources revealed that the simple hysteresis compensation was most effective for removing time delay and re-tension compensation for removing DC offset, which was the primary source of increasing error. The re-tension compensation was also tested for dynamic changes in the proximal section and reduced error in the final configuration of the tip by 89.14% relative to the baseline case.

According to the rapid development of drone technologies, drones are widely used in many applications including military domains. In this paper, a novel situation-aware DRL- based autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm in cyber-physical loitering munition applications. On the battlefield, the design of DRL-based autonomous control algorithm is not straightforward because real-world data gathering is generally not available. Therefore, the approach in this paper is that cyber-physical virtual environment is constructed with Unity environment. Based on the virtual cyber-physical battlefield scenarios, a DRL-based automated nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm can be designed, evaluated, and visualized. Moreover, many obstacles exist which is harmful for linear trajectory control in real-world battlefield scenarios. Thus, our proposed autonomous nonlinear drone mobility control algorithm utilizes situation-aware components those are implemented with a Raycast function in Unity virtual scenarios. Based on the gathered situation-aware information, the drone can autonomously and nonlinearly adjust its trajectory during flight. Therefore, this approach is obviously beneficial for avoiding obstacles in obstacle-deployed battlefields. Our visualization-based performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm is superior from the other linear mobility control algorithms.

In robotics and computer vision communities, extensive studies have been widely conducted regarding surveillance tasks, including human detection, tracking, and motion recognition with a camera. Additionally, deep learning algorithms are widely utilized in the aforementioned tasks as in other computer vision tasks. Existing public datasets are insufficient to develop learning-based methods that handle various surveillance for outdoor and extreme situations such as harsh weather and low illuminance conditions. Therefore, we introduce a new large-scale outdoor surveillance dataset named eXtremely large-scale Multi-modAl Sensor dataset (X-MAS) containing more than 500,000 image pairs and the first-person view data annotated by well-trained annotators. Moreover, a single pair contains multi-modal data (e.g. an IR image, an RGB image, a thermal image, a depth image, and a LiDAR scan). This is the first large-scale first-person view outdoor multi-modal dataset focusing on surveillance tasks to the best of our knowledge. We present an overview of the proposed dataset with statistics and present methods of exploiting our dataset with deep learning-based algorithms. The latest information on the dataset and our study are available at https://github.com/lge-robot-navi, and the dataset will be available for download through a server.

Springs are efficient in storing and returning elastic potential energy but are unable to hold the energy they store in the absence of an external load. Lockable springs use clutches to hold elastic potential energy in the absence of an external load but have not yet been widely adopted in applications, partly because clutches introduce design complexity, reduce energy efficiency, and typically do not afford high-fidelity control over the energy stored by the spring. Here, we present the design of a novel lockable compression spring that uses a small capstan clutch to passively lock a mechanical spring. The capstan clutch can lock up to 1000 N force at any arbitrary deflection, unlock the spring in less than 10 ms with a control force less than 1 % of the maximal spring force, and provide an 80 % energy storage and return efficiency (comparable to a highly efficient electric motor operated at constant nominal speed). By retaining the form factor of a regular spring while providing high-fidelity locking capability even under large spring forces, the proposed design could facilitate the development of energy-efficient spring-based actuators and robots.